The used techniques

The first time I heard about Black Hat SEO was almost a year ago when I discovered that my name, Tony Abi Saab, and Brescia Middle East (BME) were subjected to a massive defamatory campaign. 

Generally defined as the dark art of search engine optimization. This technique is used in order to increase a page ranking that usually includes defamatory or false information in search engine results, therefore it becomes associated with the identity of the targeted subject virtually and the first thing that the reader notices.  

In reference to the defamation campaign that we have been facing, the attackers used the following black SEO tactics: 

Keyword stuffing is a search engine optimization technique, considered webspam or spamdexing, in which keywords are loaded into a web page's meta tags, visible content, or backlink anchor text in an attempt to gain an unfair rank advantage in search engines.

Cloaking is a search engine optimization (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the user's browser. This is done by delivering content based on the IP addresses or the User-Agent HTTP header of the user requesting the page. When a user is identified as a search engine spider, a server-side script delivers a different version of the web page, one that contains content not present on the visible page, or that is present but not searchable. The purpose of cloaking is sometimes to deceive search engines so they display the page when it would not otherwise be displayed (black hat SEO). 

Article spinning that can be defined as s a writing technique used in search engine optimization (SEO), and other applications, which creates what appears to be new content from what already exists. Content spinning works by replacing specific words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs with any number of alternate versions to provide a slightly different variation with each spin - also known as Rogeting. This process can be completely automated or written manually as many times as needed.

Private Blog Networks those blogs are used to promote links that point to a specific website. Each PBN is used to increase the traffic on the website and therefore increase the search engine result ranking.